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Rozdílné mikrobiální aktivity v rhizosféře trav Festuca ovina a Calamagrostis epigejos
Filipová, Lenka
The diploma thesis "Different microbial activity in the rhizosphere of grasses Festuca ovina and Calamagrostis epigejos" deals with the issue of climate change and eutrophication and their impact on the stability of rare habitats, specifically dry acidophilous grasslands in the Podyjí national park. The aim of the thesis is to study and collect the available sources about the issue of the interaction of soil microorganisms and plant roots in exceptional and protected dry grassland ecosystems, which are colonized by aggressive expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos, thereby compromising their integrity and stability. This issue is still not fully understood. Review of literature in the thesis describes the explanation of the most significant part of the issue - the nutrient cycling in ecosystems, C: N ratio, the role of microorganisms in the soil, and the importance of microbial processes in the rhizosphere and in grassland ecosystems generally. In the experimental part the hypothesis - that drought stress and eutrophication causes changes in the plant - microorganisms - soil system, which result in destabilization of the system, by an increase in leakage of nitrate and ammonium ions from the soil, and in changes in the quantity and quality of underground and aboveground biomass of Festuca ovina -- was confirmed.
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Identifikace negativních vlivů působících na přírodní památku Pahorek
Sklenka, Marek
Small natural sights in agricultural landscapes are threatened by a number of factors. To protect them you need to identify negative factors that influence them. Natural Monument Hill in the cadastral Bindings Vyškova is used as extensive pasture protected because of rare species of thermophilic plants. The area measurements were taken basal soil respiration, soil organic matter content in the soil by burning a number of moving forms of nitrogen in the soil. Contamination of the nitrogen from external sources has not been established, there have been differences in the content of organic matter in the soil, caused by the truth, like the management of the territory. Measurement of basal respiration showed dependency on the content of water in the soil during the vegetation period. The result of survey sites and outputs from laboratory measurements should be advised to head better care settings management of protected areas and improve its condition.
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Srovnání vlivu biologických odpadů rozdílné kvality na biologickou aktivitu půdy
Klásková, Veronika
This master thesis analyses the topic of soil biological activity after the addition of biodegradable waste of different quality (straw, grass, compost). A container experiment with a goal to determine the influence of fresh organic matter and stabilized organic matter on soil biological activity is a substance of this thesis. Soil biological activity was interpreted by soil gas production, namely CO2 and N2O, also by determining the number of microorganisms of individual physiological groups, by determining the cellulite organism activity and by assessing the growth of the indicator plant biomass. It was discovered that a material containing less degradable substances and a broad C/N ration (straw) can cause the depression of plant growth compared to application of stabilized organic matter (compost). However, if the applied fresh organic matter has a suitable composition and an optimal C/N ratio, it can be incorporated into the soil without prior stabilization, for example by composting, and it still may have a positive impact on growth of biological activity of the soil biota and it may positively affect the plant growth at the same time.
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Zhodnocení stavu půdní organické hmoty při dlouhodobém pěstování obilnin
Sojáková, Lucie
In this diploma thesis was evaluated the influence of various factors (year, sampling depth, organic matter) on the total content of oxidizable carbon Cox in % in long-term cultivation of winter wheat and spring barley (monoculture of cereals). Measurements were made in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018, and are part of long-term research. It is a stationary experiment in the beet production area. The experiment started on the land of the Research Institute of Crop Production in the year 1965, at the location of Ivanovice na Hané. Experiments were made with four different types of organic matter (straw harvesting, intercropping, incorporating straw and farmyard manure). A statistically significant difference was found for the type of organic matter, for sampling depths and year. The highest average value for the three reference years was found for the variant "Intercrop land". The average values of Cox (%) were almost identical for sampling depths of 0.0 - 0.1 m and 0.1 - 0.2 m, but at a depth of 0.2 - 0.3 m values of Cox were significantly lower.
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Stav organické hmoty v půdě jako indikátor dopadu různých způsobů hospodaření v zemědělské krajině
Severová, Kristýna
The thesis is evaluated of the impact of agrotechnical factors (crop rotation, soil tillage, organic amendment) in the total amount of oxidizable carbon Cox (%). Monitoring proceeded of two log-term stationary fields experiment on alluvial lucian chernozem in a sugar-beet production region. In the first experiment, which took place in 1989 to 2007 was evaluated the impact of two crop rotations (with 33,3 % and 66,6% concetration of cereals) and four methods soil tillage into winter wheat, spring barely and sugar beet. For winter wheat and spring barley, the following soil tillage options were included: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,15 m; 3 - direct seed into unprocessed soil and 4 - shallow barking at 0,10 m. In sugar beet, the variants were: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m; 3 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop; 4 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + sowing into intercrop. In the second experiment which took place in 1977 to 2017 was evaluated the impact of organic amendment on monoculture cereal cultivation (alternating winter wheat and spring barley). Three variants of organic amendment were included: 1 - straw harvest, 2 - straw harvest and green manuring and 3 - straw incorporation. Measurement of Cox content in 2017 was provided in the first and second experiment at the spring barley. The impact of crop rotation on the Cox content was statistically significant. Higher Cox content was recorded in crop rotation with 33, 3 % concetration of cereals (1,71 %), lower in crop rotation with 66,6 % concetration of cereals (1,62 %). The impact of soil tillage on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value (1,70 %) was recorded for variant 2 (with ploughing at depth of 0,15 m in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m in sugar beet) and the lowest (1,62 %) for variant 3 (direct seed into unprocessed soil in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop in sugar beet). Variants 1 and 4 were in the middle position. The impact in the depth of sampling on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found at depth of sampling 0,10 – 0,20 m (1,72 %) and the lowest in the depth of sampling 0,20 – 0,30 m (1,59 %). In the second experiment, the effect of organic amendment on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found in variant 2 with intercrop and green manuring (2,01 %) and the lowest on variant 1 with straw harvest (1,87 %). With the depth of sampling, content Cox dropped.
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Půdní organická hmota ve smrkových a bukových porostech
Bureš, Karel
The forest floor is one of the components of the forest ecosystem, which significantly affects the composition of the soil and thus significantly affects the productivity and stability of forest habitat. The quality and quantity of humus and humus substance (HS), viz. humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), is an important soil characteristic. The diploma thesis evaluates the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) /stock of forest floor; the content and supply of the total carbon and nitrogen, C/N ratio; the content and supply of the total carbon in humus substance (HS), humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA); Q4/6 ratio and the degree of humification/ in spruce stand at an age of 35 years in second generation and beech stand at an age of 45 years in first generation after spruce stand on the field research station Rájec-Němčice of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland (49°26''31''N and 16°41'30''E) in the Czech Republic on the modal oligotrophic Cambisol of a fir-beech forest vegetation zone at an a altitude of 600--660 m at sites of autochthonous mixed forests. Results obtained showed that the higher accumulation of forest floor was determined under the spruce stand than under beech stand. The HA/FA ratio is higher in the spruce stand as against the beech stand where young fulvic acids. The ratio Q4/6 is more favourable in the F layer under spruce stand, in the layer H is more favourable in beech stand and in the Ah horizon is the ratio Q4/6 similar. Degree of humification SH I and II is similar in both stands, appears to be more favourable in the stand of beech. Results obtained prove the suitability of beech distribution to the present sites of extensive spruce monocultures of Central and Eastern Europe in order to return to original mixed stands.
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